东西方财政职能演进的启示与思考

从收入和支出两个方面研究西方财政职能的演进和中国经济转型时期财政职能的演变,对照现代西方公共财政的特点分析中国推行公共财政建设中存在的问题,探究建立公共财政进程中认识和发挥财政职能的思路。     

A multiregional model of China and its application

China's rapid economic transformation since 1979 has been accompanied by a stark regional disparity with the coastal provinces integrating swiftly into the world markets while inland regions lagging far behind in the industrialisation process. The growth imbalance has placed China's provinces into different stages of development and called for different policy responses to deal with different challenges they are facing. Similarly, a national policy initiated by the central government is likely to be interpreted and implemented in different ways when local governments take into consideration the different conditions in their localities. Therefore, it would be extremely valuable for policy makers and researchers to have an analytical tool that is capable of studying interactions among the provincial economies and the dynamic relationship between the centre and local governments. The multiregional econometric model of China presented in this paper is the first attempt to provide such a tool. The pioneering model consists of over 1200 equations, covering 30 provinces of China that are linked by inter-regional flows of goods and services. The model is used to study the impact of fiscal recentralisation in the 1990s. The counterfactual simulation results show that when China's central government diverted tax revenue from provincial governments, it achieved higher budgetary revenue for the central government but at the expense of lower overall budgetary revenue and slower economic growth.     

财政分权与地方政府行为异化

作为财政体制改革的后果,财政分权导致政府间财政竞争,并改变了财政均等状况。中国国情的特殊性,尤其是官员委任制以及以经济增长为核心的地方政府官员政绩考核体系,使得政府间财政竞争更易导致地方政府财政支出结构呈现结构性扭曲。因此,制订合理的政绩考核标准,并相应调整财政体制是规范地方政府行为的当务之急。     

欧元体系财政与货币政策协调性分析

欧元区集中统一的货币政策和权力分散的财政政策 ,已有 4年多的实践历程 ,实践表明财政与货币政策协调性较差 ,欧盟的机构设置与政策结构的设计的确存在缺陷 ,采取扩张性货币政策缓解内部冲击与价格稳定首要目标已处于两难境地。实现统一的“大财政”,通过财政转移 ,重新配置资源 ,以帮助成员国吸收不对称冲击的影响 ,是提高欧元体系财政与货币政策协调性措施之一。     

Income Redistribution with Well-Informed Local Governments

This paper examines the problem of redistributing incomeacross jurisdictions and to mobile workers within jurisdictionswhen local governments have better information than the centralgovernment about local production conditions. Under the centralgovernments optimal policy, the subsidies or taxes that localgovernments provide to mobile workers normally depend on whetherthese governments are net recipients or net donors of interjurisdictionalincome transfers. Moreover, the public-input decisions of somelocal governments are distorted. The analysis demonstrates thatit may not be desirable to harmonize social policies across jurisdictions,even when the beneficiaries are quite mobile.     

中部崛起与西部开发的财政收支分析

本文研究表明，在西部开发进程中，国债投资占有较大比重，中部崛起需要充分调动地区的积极性；中部、西部与东部相比，地方企业上缴税收的能力相对不足；中部、西部对于行政收费和农业税收依赖较重，取消农业税后需要开辟新的财政收入渠道；优化中部、西部地区的财政收支状况，关键在于调整地方财政的收支结构。     

国外促进就业的财政政策及借鉴

面对日益严峻的就业形势，世界各国十分重视发挥财政在促进就业中的作用。本文着重通过考察世界各国在促进就业方面所采取的财政政策， 探讨我国财政应如何在促进就业工作中更好地发挥作用。     

有关国家不发达地区开发的财政制度安排与借鉴

本选择美国、印度尼西亚等典型国家，就其不发达地区开发的财政制度安排问题，进行比较与分析，概括其异同，总结规律，为我国西部大开发提供借鉴。     

对当前加强财政监督职能的思考

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展和完善，对政府部门依法行政的呼声越来越高，财政部门作为国家重要的经济管理部门，其运作的成功与否，关系到国发展和改革的成败，财政监督检查作为国家经济监督体系和国家宏观调控机制的有机组成部分，必须随着经济体制改革的深入和社会主义市场经济的发展而逐步完善并发挥重要作用，本就是在这一思想指导下，对当前如何加强财政监督职能作了一些思考。     

论我国地方财政风险的个性特征

我国地方财政风险，不同于一般的财政风险。从整体考察，它具有分散性、非均衡性和传导性；从结构考察，具有隐蔽性、发展性和内生性，同时它又受外部因素的影响很大。